EEPW论坛

5、数码管动态显示、蜂鸣器

蜂鸣器代码太少，于是加到数码管动态显示实验了，一起演示，有个数位貌似坏了，本来想显示数字0-7的。大约每隔1.3ms对8位数码管轮流使能，10.5ms一个周期。蜂鸣器大约763Hz，占空比5/16。
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNDY1OTExMjY0.html



module Seg7_dynamic(clk,rst_n,dig,seg,beep);
 input clk;
 input rst_n;
 output[7:0] dig;
 output[7:0] seg;
 output beep;
 
 reg[15:0] cnt;
 reg[2:0] count;
 reg[3:0] data;
 reg[7:0] dig_t;
 reg[7:0] seg_t;
 reg beep;
 
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   cnt = 16'b0;
  else
   cnt = cnt + 1'b1;
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   count = 3'b000;
  else if(cnt == 16'hffff)
  begin 
   count = count + 1;
  end
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   data = 4'h0;
   dig_t = 8'b11111111;
  end
  else
   case(count)
    3'b000:
    begin 
     data = 0;
     dig_t = 8'b11111110;
    end
    3'b001:
    begin 
     data = 1;
     dig_t = 8'b11111101;
    end
    3'b010:
    begin
     data = 2;
     dig_t = 8'b11111011;
    end
    3'b011:
    begin
     data = 3;
     dig_t = 8'b11110111;
    end
    3'b100:
    begin
     data = 4;
     dig_t = 8'b11101111; 
    end
    3'b101:
    begin
     data = 5;
     dig_t = 8'b11011111;
    end
    3'b110:
    begin
     data = 6;
     dig_t = 8'b10111111;
    end
    3'b111:
    begin
     data = 7;
     dig_t = 8'b01111111;
    end
   endcase
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   seg_t = 8'h00;
  else
   case(data)
    4'h0:seg_t = 8'hc0;
    4'h1:seg_t = 8'hf9;
    4'h2:seg_t = 8'ha4;
    4'h3:seg_t = 8'hb0;
    4'h4:seg_t = 8'h99;
    4'h5:seg_t = 8'h92;
    4'h6:seg_t = 8'h82;
    4'h7:seg_t = 8'hf8;
    4'h8:seg_t = 8'h80;
    4'h9:seg_t = 8'h90;
    4'ha:seg_t = 8'h88;
    4'hb:seg_t = 8'h83;
    4'hc:seg_t = 8'hc6;
    4'hd:seg_t = 8'ha1;
    4'he:seg_t = 8'h86;
    4'hf:seg_t = 8'h8e;
   endcase
 end

 assign dig = dig_t;
 assign seg = seg_t;
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   beep = 1'b1;
  else if(cnt <= 16'hfff && cnt >= 16'h5fff)
   beep = 1'b0;
  else
   beep = 1'b1;

 end

 

endmodule

6、电子琴
第8个按键为功能键，切换中高音，按下键时，LED和数码管同时显示相应音符
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNDY2MzgzMDY4.html



module Elec_organ(clk,rst_n,beep,key,led,seg,dig);
 input clk;
 input rst_n;
 input[7:0] key;
 output beep;
 output[7:0] led;
 output[7:0] seg;
 output[7:0] dig;
 
 reg[19:0] cnt,cnt_point;
 reg beep;
 reg[7:0] dig_t;
 reg[7:0] seg_t;
 reg[3:0] data;
 reg[7:0] key_t;
 reg key_flag;
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n) 
  begin 
   beep = 1'b1;
   dig_t = 8'hff;
  end
  else if(cnt == cnt_point)
  begin
   cnt = 20'b0;
   if(key_flag)
    beep = ~beep;
   else
    beep = 1'b1;
  end   
  else
  begin 
   cnt = cnt + 1'b1;
   dig_t = 8'b0;
  end
 
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin
   key_t = 8'hff;
   key_flag = 1'b0;
  end
  else if(key[6:0] != 7'h7f)
  begin 
   key_t = key;
   key_flag = 1'b1;
  end
  else
   key_flag =1'b0;
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   cnt_point = 20'hfffff;
   data = 4'h0;
  end
  else
   case(key_t)
    8'b11111110:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd47774;
     data = 4'h1;
    end
    8'b11111101:
    begin 
     cnt_point = 20'd42568;
     data = 4'h2;
    end
    8'b11111011:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd37919;
     data = 4'h3;
    end
    8'b11110111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd35791;
     data = 4'h4;
    end
    8'b11101111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd31888;
     data = 4'h5;
    end
    8'b11011111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd28409;
     data = 4'h6;
    end
    8'b10111111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd25309;
     data = 4'h7;
    end
    8'b01111110:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd23912;
     data = 4'h1;
    end
    8'b01111101:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd21282;
     data = 4'h2;
    end
    8'b01111011:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd18961;
     data = 4'h3;
    end
    8'b01110111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd17897;
     data = 4'h4;
    end
    8'b01101111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd15944;
     data = 4'h5;
    end
    8'b01011111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd14205;
     data = 4'h6;
    end
    8'b00111111:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'd12655;
     data = 4'h7;
    end
    default:
    begin
     cnt_point = 20'hfffff;
     data = 4'h0;
    end
   endcase
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   seg_t = 8'h00;
  else
   case(data)
    4'h0:seg_t = 8'hc0;
    4'h1:seg_t = 8'hf9;
    4'h2:seg_t = 8'ha4;
    4'h3:seg_t = 8'hb0;
    4'h4:seg_t = 8'h99;
    4'h5:seg_t = 8'h92;
    4'h6:seg_t = 8'h82;
    4'h7:seg_t = 8'hf8;
    default:seg_t = 8'h86;
   endcase
 end
 
 assign seg = seg_t;
 assign dig = dig_t;
 assign led = key_t;
 
endmodule

7、自动演奏乐曲
本来选的是一首泰坦尼克号的简谱，但是实际效果听不出来，就是一段普通的曲子，后来认真听了原曲，还是人声段有Feeing，曲子感觉比较普通了，简谱可能就打了折扣了！也很有可能是代码的乐曲频率没调好，就不细调了，权当演示功能。


http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNDY2NTM2MjY0.html



//       泰坦尼克号主题曲   
//     50MHz，每隔大约168ms一个音

//音高与频率的对应关系
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
//|   | 1    |  2   |   3  |   4   | 5   |  6   |  7   |
//|低音 |261.6Hz |293.7Hz |329.6Hz |349.2Hz | 392Hz  | 440Hz  |493.9Hz |
//|中音 |523.3Hz |587.3Hz |659.3Hz |698.5Hz | 784Hz  | 880Hz  |987.8Hz |
//|高音 |1045.5Hz|1174.7Hz|1318.5Hz|1396.9Hz| 1568Hz | 1760Hz |1975.5Hz|
//----------------------------------------------------------------------

module Beepsong(clk,rst_n,beep);
 input clk;
 input rst_n;
 output beep;
 
 reg[15:0] cnt;
 reg[22:0] count;
 reg beep;
 reg[7:0] state;
 reg[15:0] cnt_point;
 
 parameter   L_3 = 16'd75850,            //低音3
            L_5 = 16'd63776,            //低音5
            L_6 = 16'd56818,       //低音6
    L_7 = 16'd50618,   //低音7
    M_1 = 16'd47774,   //中音1
    M_2 = 16'd42568,   //中音2
    M_3 = 16'd37919,   //中音3
    M_4 = 16'd35791,        //中音4
    M_5 = 16'd31888,   //中音5
    M_6 = 16'd28409,   //中音6
    H_1 = 16'd23912;       //高音1 
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   cnt = 16'b0;
   beep = 1'b1;
  end
  else if(cnt == cnt_point)
  begin 
   cnt = 16'b0;
   beep = ~beep;
  end
  else
   cnt = cnt + 1'b1;
 end   
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   count = 23'b0;
  else
   count = count + 1'b1;  
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   state = 8'd0;
  else if(count == 23'h7fffff)
  begin 
   state = state + 1'b1;
   if(state == 8'd79)
    state = 8'd0;
  end    
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   cnt_point = 16'hffff;
  else
   case(state)
    8'd0,8'd1,8'd2,8'd3:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd4,8'd7,8'd16:cnt_point = L_7;
    8'd5,8'd6,8'd8:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd9,8'd11:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd10:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd12,8'd13,8'd14,8'd15:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd17,8'd18:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd19:cnt_point = L_5;
    
    8'd20,8'd21,8'd22:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd23,8'd26:cnt_point = L_7;
    8'd24,8'd25,8'd27:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd28,8'd30:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd29:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd31,8'd32,8'd33,8'd34:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd36,8'd37:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd38:cnt_point = L_5;
    
    8'd39:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd40:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd41:cnt_point = L_5;
    8'd42:cnt_point = M_5;
    8'd43:cnt_point = M_4;
    8'd44:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd45:cnt_point = M_2;//
    8'd46,8'd48:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd47:cnt_point = M_4;
    8'd49:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd50:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd51,8'd52:cnt_point = L_7;
    8'd53:cnt_point = L_6;
    8'd54:cnt_point = L_5;//
    8'd55:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd56:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd57:cnt_point = L_5;
    8'd58:cnt_point = M_5;
    8'd59:cnt_point = M_4;
    8'd60:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd61:cnt_point = M_2;//
    8'd62,8'd64:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd63:cnt_point = M_4;
    8'd65:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd66,8'd68:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd67:cnt_point = L_7;//
    8'd69,8'd70:cnt_point = L_7;
    8'd71:cnt_point = M_1;
    8'd72,8'd76:cnt_point = M_2;
    8'd73,8'd75:cnt_point = M_3;
    8'd74:cnt_point = M_4;
    8'd77,8'd78:cnt_point = M_1;
    
    default:cnt_point = 16'hffff;
   endcase
 end 
 
endmodule

8、LCD1602显示
静态显示，逐步显示，滚动显示三种效果
以下代码说明：
1.初始化一定要特别注意，不成功就无法正常显示了，模块输出最奥都设为高阻
2.计数器大小可以调，决定了执行状态机的频率，也就影响了显示字符的频率
3.1602寄存器配置，不能马虎，建议改动多试试效果，修改一个寄存器即可滚动显示
4.贴出代码为滚动效果的，稍作修改就可以显示其他效果

PS：1.发给EEPW的视频还没搜索到，暂时展示优酷链接的视频，稍后补上
         2.最近忙于其他事，几天没有更新，同时抽空做1602实验时受阻，遇到问题，耽搁了进程，今天终于找到原因，独立搞定，因此请没有做过1602实验的朋友们先认真阅读1602pdf文档

静态显示效果（严格的说应该是视觉上静态）



逐步显示效果（一个字符一个字符的显示）
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNDY5NjY2MTIw.html



滚动显示效果（整体滚动）
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNDY5NjY2NzYw.html



module LCD1602(clk,rst_n,RS,RW,EN,data);
 input clk;
 input rst_n;
 output RS;
 output RW;
 output EN;
 output[7:0] data;
 
 reg[24:0] cnt;
 reg[7:0] data;
 reg lcd_rs;
 reg lcd_rw;
 reg lcd_en;
 reg[3:0] state;
 reg[5:0] address;
 reg trig;

 parameter IDLE  = 4'b0000;      //空闲
 parameter CLEAR  = 4'b0001;  //清屏 
 parameter RETURNCURSOR = 4'b0010; //归home位 
 parameter SETMODE = 4'b0011;  
 //输入方式设置，读写数据后ram地址增/减1；画面动/不动 
 parameter SWITCHMODE = 4'b0100; 
 //显示状态设置，显示开/关；光标开/关；闪烁开/关 
 parameter SHIFT  = 4'b0101;  
 //光标画面滚动 画面/光标平移一位；左/右平移一位 
 parameter SETFUNCTION = 4'b0110; 
 //工作方式设置 1：8/1：4位数据接口；两行/一行显示；5x10/5x7点阵 
 parameter SETDDRAM1 = 4'b0111;  //设置DDRAM
 parameter SETDDRAM2 = 4'b1000;  //设置DDRAM
 parameter READFLAG = 4'b1001;  //读状态
 parameter WRITERAM1 = 4'b1010;  //写RAM
 parameter WRITERAM2 = 4'b1011;  //写RAM

 
 function [7:0] strram;    //函数调用      
  input [5:0] n;
  begin
   case(n)
   6'b000000:strram="I";  //显示的字符
   6'b000001:strram="'";
   6'b000010:strram="m";
   6'b000011:strram=" ";
   6'b000100:strram="p";
   6'b000101:strram="l";
   6'b000110:strram="a";
   6'b000111:strram="y";
   6'b001000:strram="b";
   6'b001001:strram="l";
   6'b001010:strram="o";
   6'b001011:strram="n";
   6'b001100:strram="g";
   6'b001101:strram="^";
   6'b001110:strram="_";
   6'b001111:strram="^";
   6'b010000:strram="I";
   6'b010001:strram="t";
   6'b010010:strram="'";
   6'b010011:strram="s";
   6'b010100:strram=" ";
   6'b010101:strram="E";
   6'b010110:strram="E";
   6'b010111:strram="P";
   6'b011000:strram="W";
   6'b011001:strram=" ";
   6'b011010:strram="D";
   6'b011011:strram="I";
   6'b011100:strram="Y";
   6'b011101:strram="^";
   6'b011110:strram="o";
   6'b011111:strram="^";
   default: strram="X";
   endcase
  end
 endfunction
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   cnt = 25'b0;  //cnt可以改变一下，自己试试效果   
  else 
  cnt = cnt + 1'b1;
 end
 
 /*assign EN = cnt[15]; //lcd enable,keep same time; >1000ns
 wire trig = (cnt == 16'h7FFF) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0; //when lcd_en is steady,write a cmd*/
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   trig = 0;
   lcd_en = 0;
  end
  else if(cnt < 25'h0ffffff)
  begin 
   lcd_en = 0;
  end
  else if(cnt == 25'h0ffffff)
  begin 
   trig = 1'b1;   //生成一个触发脉冲，控制1602的操作指令
   lcd_en = 1'b1;
  end
  else  
   trig = 0; 
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   data = 8'hzz;
   lcd_rs = 1'bz;  //这里最好都设置为高阻，以免初始化失败
   lcd_rw = 1'bz;
   state = IDLE;
   address = 6'b0;   
  end 
  else if(trig == 1'b1)
  begin 
   case(state)
    IDLE: begin
       lcd_rs  = 0;
       lcd_rw  = 0;
       data = 8'hzz;
       state = CLEAR;
      end     
    CLEAR: begin
       lcd_rs = 0;
       lcd_rw = 0;
       data = 8'b00000001;  //清屏01
       state = SETFUNCTION;     
       end
    SETFUNCTION: begin
         lcd_rs  = 0;
         lcd_rw  = 0; //3C
         data  = 8'b00111100;
         state = SWITCHMODE;   
         end    
    SWITCHMODE: begin
         lcd_rs = 0;
         lcd_rw = 0;
         data = 8'b00001100; //显示状态开关设置0C
           state = SETMODE;
        end 
    SETMODE: begin
        lcd_rs = 0;
        lcd_rw = 0;
        data = 8'b00000111; //输入方式设置06固定，07滚动
        state = SHIFT;
       end
    
    SHIFT: begin
       lcd_rs = 0;
       lcd_rw = 0;
       data = 8'b00001100;  //光标画面滚动
         state = SETDDRAM1;
       end
    SETDDRAM1: begin
        lcd_rs = 0;
        lcd_rw = 0;
        data = 8'b10000000;   //显示数据存储器地址80，第一行
                  state = WRITERAM1;
         end
    SETDDRAM2: begin
        lcd_rs = 0;
        lcd_rw = 0;
        data = 8'b11000000;   //显示数据存储器地址80+40，第二行
                  state = WRITERAM2;
         end
    WRITERAM1: begin
        if(address <= 6'b001111)
        begin
         lcd_rs = 1;
         lcd_rw = 0;
         data = strram(address);  //写数据
         address = address+1;
         state = WRITERAM1;
        end
        else
        begin
         lcd_rs = 0;
         lcd_rw = 0;
         state = SETDDRAM2;
        end
         end
    WRITERAM2: begin
                  if(address <= 6'b011111)
                  begin
         lcd_rs = 1;
         lcd_rw = 0;
         data = strram(address);  //写数据
         address = address+1;
         state = WRITERAM2;
        end
            else
        begin
         lcd_rs = 0;
         lcd_rw = 0;
         state = SETDDRAM1;
         address = 6'b000000;
        end
        end
    default:  state = IDLE;
   endcase
  end
 end

 assign RS = lcd_rs;
 assign RW = lcd_rw;
 assign EN = lcd_en;
 
endmodule
 

谢谢您，已经学会做EEPW的超链接了，已做好！呵呵

10、串口实验
实现功能：借助串口调试助手，上位机发送一个字符，下位机接收，并把该字符发送给上位机
PS：开始用模块写，写起来自己都糊涂了，就搁置几天不写了，后来仔细把串口的原理和逻辑搞清楚，然后就开始重新写了，不用模块，不用状态机，完全按照自己的逻辑来，上电测试，一次性通过！噢耶！
结论：原理最重要！

（开始使用EEPW的视频了）
http://v.eepw.com.cn/video/play/id/2093


module fpga_uart(clk,rst_n,uart_rx,uart_tx);
 input clk;
 input rst_n;
 input uart_rx;
 output uart_tx;
 
 reg[12:0] cnt;
 reg neg_rx_start;  %检测接收起始位信号
 reg cnt_start;  %计数器启动信号
 reg tx_data; 
 reg[10:0] data;
 reg[3:0] num,n;
 reg rx_end;  %接收结束信号
 reg tx_end;  %发送结束信号
 reg tx_start;  %发送开始信号
 reg clk_bps;
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   cnt = 0;
  else if(cnt == 13'd5208)
   cnt = 0;
  else if(cnt_start)
   cnt = cnt + 1'b1;
  else
   cnt = 0;
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin
   neg_rx_start = 0;
   cnt_start = 0;
  end
  else if(cnt < 13'd8)
  begin
   if(!uart_rx)
   begin 
    cnt_start = 1;
    if(cnt == 13'd7)
     neg_rx_start = 1;
   end
   else if(rx_end)
   begin 
    if(tx_end)
     cnt_start = 0;
    else
     cnt_start = 1;
   end
   else if(neg_rx_start)
    cnt_start = 1;
   else
   begin 
    neg_rx_start = 0;
    cnt_start = 0;
   end
  end
  else if(num == 4'd11)
  begin 
   neg_rx_start = 0;
   cnt_start = 0;
  end
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   clk_bps = 0;
  else if(cnt == 13'd2604)
   clk_bps = 1;
  else
   clk_bps = 0;      
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   num = 0;
   rx_end = 0;
   data = 11'd0;
  end
  else if(num == 11)
  begin 
   num = 0;
   rx_end = 1;
  end
  else if(neg_rx_start)
  begin
   if(clk_bps)
   begin
    num = num + 1'b1;
    case(num)
     4'd1: data[0] = uart_rx;
     4'd2: data[1] = uart_rx;
     4'd3: data[2] = uart_rx;
     4'd4: data[3] = uart_rx;
     4'd5: data[4] = uart_rx;
     4'd6: data[5] = uart_rx;
     4'd7: data[6] = uart_rx;
     4'd8: data[7] = uart_rx;
     4'd9: data[8] = uart_rx;
     4'd10: data[9] = uart_rx;
     4'd11: data[10] = uart_rx;
    endcase
   end
  end
  else if(tx_end)
   rx_end = 0;
   
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
   tx_start = 0;
  else if(tx_end)
   tx_start = 0;
  else if(rx_end)
   tx_start = 1;  
 end
 
 always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
 begin
  if(!rst_n)
  begin 
   tx_end = 0;
   n = 0;
  end
  else if(neg_rx_start)
   tx_end = 0;
  else if(n == 4'd10)
  begin
   tx_end = 1;
   n = 0;
  end
  else if(tx_start)
  begin 
   if(clk_bps)
   begin  
    case(n)
     4'd0: tx_data = 1'b0;
     4'd1: tx_data = data[1];
     4'd2: tx_data = data[2];
     4'd3: tx_data = data[3];
     4'd4: tx_data = data[4];
     4'd5: tx_data = data[5];
     4'd6: tx_data = data[6];
     4'd7: tx_data = data[7];
     4'd8: tx_data = data[8];
     4'd9: tx_data = 1'b1;
     default: tx_data = 1'b1;
    endcase
    n = n + 1;
   end
  end  
 end
 
 assign uart_tx = tx_data;
 
endmodule

谢谢版主！会加油的！哈哈

最近被导师派到南京调试大型望远镜的控制系统，好久没更新DIY进程了，也收到网站的询问短信，在此特向EEPW解释一下。暂时是真的没办法继续参加FPGA活动，实在可惜，也深表抱歉！待我出差归来，我会继续FPGA进程，也会继续学习FPGA，还会继续关注EEPW...还请版主谅解！
控制系统调试的过程也遇到问题，正在纠结中...
祝EEPW的网友们圣诞快乐！（2012.12.25于南京）