板卡板载了一个RGB三色灯，位置是屏幕背面靠近主控芯片位置处，丝印为Neo。可以使用PWM实现RGB灯全彩控制。如果想控制RGB灯需要往lib库添加如下红框的文件，文件是之前下载的压缩包中的lib文件。
在上一个工程代码中需要包含对应的库函数，代码如下
import neopixel
初始化RGB灯的代码是
pixel = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 1) pixel.brightness = 0.3
设置亮度为0.3是方便观察RGB灯的颜色。
设置RGB灯的颜色函数是
pixel.fill((R_Val, G_Val, B_Val))
其中R_VAL，G_VAL，B_VAL分别为RGB三原色的分量，取值范围是0～255。这个正好对应TCS3200颜色获取的值，所以在上一个任务中的代码处直接添加即可。
全部代码如下
import board
import digitalio
import time
import displayio
import terminalio
from adafruit_display_text import label
import neopixel
# 定义按键变量
Button0_flag = 0
Button1_flag = 0
class TCS3200:
NUM_CYCLES = 10 # 测试多少个周期
def __init__(self, s0, s1, s2, s3, out):
# 初始化控制引脚
self.s0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(s0)
self.s1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(s1)
self.s2 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(s2)
self.s3 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(s3)
self.out = digitalio.DigitalInOut(out)
# 配置引脚方向
self.s0.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
self.s1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
self.s2.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
self.s3.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
self.out.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
# 设置频率缩放比为100% (最高精度)
self.set_frequency_scaling(100)
# 白平衡校准系数 (初始值为1，需要实际校准)
self.r_scal = 1.0
self.g_scal = 1.0
self.b_scal = 1.0
print("TCS3200传感器初始化完成")
def set_frequency_scaling(self, scaling):
"""
设置传感器的频率缩放比例
# s0 s1
# L L 关闭
# L H 2%
# H L 20%
# H H 100%
"""
if scaling == 2: # 2%
self.s0.value = False
self.s1.value = True
# print("TCS3200传感器设置频率缩放比为：%2 -> s0,s1[0,1]")
elif scaling == 20: # 20%
self.s0.value = True
self.s1.value = False
# print("TCS3200传感器设置频率缩放比为：%20 -> s0,s1[1,0]")
elif scaling == 100: # 100%
self.s0.value = True
self.s1.value = True
# print("TCS3200传感器设置频率缩放比为：%100 -> s0,s1[1,1]")
else: # 关闭
self.s0.value = False
self.s1.value = False
# print("TCS3200传感器设置频率缩放比为：%0 -> s0,s1[0,0]")
time.sleep(0.01) # 短暂延时稳定频率缩放比例
def set_color_filter(self, filter_type):
"""
设置传感器的颜色滤波器
# s2 s3
# L L Red
# H H Green
# L H Blue
# H L Clear(no filter)
"""
if filter_type == "Red":
self.s2.value = False
self.s3.value = False
# print("TCS3200传感器设置颜色滤波器为：Red -> s2,s3[0,0]")
elif filter_type == "Green":
self.s2.value = True
self.s3.value = True
# print("TCS3200传感器设置颜色滤波器为：Green -> s2,s3[1,1]")
elif filter_type == "Blue":
self.s2.value = False
self.s3.value = True
# print("TCS3200传感器设置颜色滤波器为：Blue -> s2,s3[0,1]")
else: # "Clear"
self.s2.value = True
self.s3.value = False
# print("TCS3200传感器设置颜色滤波器为：Clear -> s2,s3[1,0]")
time.sleep(0.01) # 短暂延时稳定滤波器
def measure_frequency(self):
# 测量频率，并转换单位为Hz
timestamps = []
last_state = self.out.value
while len(timestamps) < self.NUM_CYCLES:
current_state = self.out.value
if current_state != last_state: # 发生边缘变化
timestamps.append(time.monotonic_ns())
last_state = current_state
# 计数周期
periods = []
for i in range(2, len(timestamps), 2):
period_ns = timestamps[i] - timestamps[i - 2] # 一个完整周期（两个边缘）
periods.append(period_ns)
avg_period_ns = sum(periods) / len(periods)
frequency = 1000000000 / avg_period_ns # 转换为 Hz
# print(f"原始频率值 -> Frequency:{frequency:.3f}")
return frequency
def read_rgb_freq(self):
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值
red_freq = 0
green_freq = 0
blue_freq = 0
# 读取红色分量 (S2=0, S3=0)
self.set_color_filter("Red")
red_freq = self.measure_frequency()
# 读取绿色分量 (S2=1, S3=1)
self.set_color_filter("Green")
green_freq = self.measure_frequency()
# 读取蓝色分量 (S2=0, S3=1)
self.set_color_filter("Blue")
blue_freq = self.measure_frequency()
# 清除绿色分量 (S2=1, S3=0)
# self.set_color_filter("Clear")
# print(f"原始频率值 -> R:{red_freq:.3f}, G:{green_freq:.3f}, B:{blue_freq:.3f}")
return red_freq, green_freq, blue_freq
def calibrate_white_balance(self):
# 白平衡校准 - 将传感器对准白色参考物后调用此方法
print("正在进行白平衡校准...")
print("请将传感器对准白色参考物")
# 读取白色参考物的原始频率
red, green, blue = self.read_rgb_freq()
# 换算为RGB值 (18000/255 = 70)
red = red / 70 if red > 0 else 1.0
green = green / 70 if green > 0 else 1.0
blue = blue / 70 if blue > 0 else 1.0
# 计算校准系数 (假设我们希望白色时RGB值接近255)
self.r_scal = 255.0 / red if red > 0 else 1.0
self.g_scal = 255.0 / green if green > 0 else 1.0
self.b_scal = 255.0 / blue if blue > 0 else 1.0
print(f"校准完成 -> R:{self.r_scal:.3f}, G:{self.g_scal:.3f}, B:{self.b_scal:.3f}")
def read_rgb(self):
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值，应用白平衡，并转换为RGB
r = 0
g = 0
b = 0
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值
red_freq, green_freq, blue_freq = self.read_rgb_freq()
# 应用白平衡校准 (18000/255 = 70)
r = int(red_freq / 70 * self.r_scal)
g = int(green_freq / 70 * self.g_scal)
b = int(blue_freq / 70 * self.b_scal)
# 限制在0-255范围
r = max(0, min(255, r))
g = max(0, min(255, g))
b = max(0, min(255, b))
return r, g, b
# 初始化板载按键D0/BOOT0，按下接地
button0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON)
button0.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP)
# 初始化板载按键D1，按下接VCC
button1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D1)
button1.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.DOWN)
# Neo三色灯初始化
pixel = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 1)
pixel.brightness = 0.3
# 初始化板载LED
led0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.LED)
led0.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
led0.value = True
# 初始化颜色传感器LED补光灯
led1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D5)
led1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
led1.value = True
# 初始化显示屏
display = board.DISPLAY
# 创建显示组
splash = displayio.Group()
display.root_group = splash
# 创建文本标签用于显示RGB值
text_area_l = label.Label(terminalio.FONT, text="", color=0xFFFFFF, x=60, y=20)
text_area_r = label.Label(terminalio.FONT, text="R: ---", color=0xFF0000, x=40, y=40)
text_area_g = label.Label(terminalio.FONT, text="G: ---", color=0x00FF00, x=40, y=60)
text_area_b = label.Label(terminalio.FONT, text="B: ---", color=0x0000FF, x=40, y=80)
# 显示输出
for text_area in (text_area_r, text_area_g, text_area_b, text_area_l):
splash.append(text_area)
# 创建TCS3200颜色传感器实体
try:
# 创建TCS3200对象
color_sensor = TCS3200(
s0=board.D12,
s1=board.D11,
s2=board.D10,
s3=board.D9,
out=board.D6,
)
print("TCS3200实例创建成功")
except Exception as e:
print(f"初始化TCS3200失败: {e}")
# 创建虚拟传感器用于测试
color_sensor = None
# 主循环
while True:
led0.value = True
time.sleep(0.05)
# 读取按键0
if not button0.value:
print("button0按下")
Button0_flag = 1
Button1_flag = 0
# 读取按键1
if button1.value:
print("button1按下")
Button0_flag = 0
Button1_flag = 1
if Button0_flag:
Button0_flag = 0
# 调用白平衡校准
color_sensor.calibrate_white_balance()
# 更新显示
text_area_l.text = ""
text_area_r.text = "R: {:.3f}".format(color_sensor.r_scal)
text_area_g.text = "G: {:.3f}".format(color_sensor.g_scal)
text_area_b.text = "B: {:.3f}".format(color_sensor.b_scal)
if Button1_flag:
# 读取并显示TCS3200颜色传感器的频率值
if color_sensor is not None:
try:
# 调用read_rgb_freq方法读取频率值
R_Freq, G_Freq, B_Freq = color_sensor.read_rgb_freq()
# 调用read_rgb方法读取颜色值
R_Val, G_Val, B_Val = color_sensor.read_rgb()
# 更新显示
text_area_l.text = "Val Freq"
text_area_r.text = "R: {:3d} {:.3f}".format(R_Val, R_Freq)
text_area_g.text = "G: {:3d} {:.3f}".format(G_Val, G_Freq)
text_area_b.text = "B: {:3d} {:.3f}".format(B_Val, B_Freq)
print("RGB Value:")
print("RGB: {:3d},{:3d},{:3d}".format(R_Val, G_Val, B_Val))
print("RGB Frequency:")
print("RGB: {:.3f},{:.3f},{:.3f}".format(R_Freq, G_Freq, B_Freq))
pixel.fill((R_Val, G_Val, B_Val))
except Exception as e:
print(f"读取颜色传感器错误: {e}")
R_Val = 128
G_Val = 128
B_Val = 128
R_Freq = 128
G_Freq = 128
B_Freq = 129
else:
# 更新显示屏
text_area_r.text = "R: {:3d} {:.3f}".format(R_Val, R_Freq)
text_area_g.text = "G: {:3d} {:.3f}".format(G_Val, G_Freq)
text_area_b.text = "B: {:3d} {:.3f}".format(B_Val, B_Freq)
led0.value = False
time.sleep(0.05) 实现效果如下
实现效果并不是那么准确，在测试过程中也把LED灯的线拔掉才发现要更准确一点。
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