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【我踩过的那些坑】STM32的硬件通讯调试过程的“坑” 2

keyboard007
高工
2025-07-31 19:55:27   被打赏 50 分(兑奖)     打赏

做为一个从事多年嵌入式的软件工程师，和大家分享一下在使用STM32时遇到的”坑“，其实后来发现是自己的能力不足。

1：在使用硬件IIC时：

STM32的硬件I2C在某些工作频率下（如100kHz和400kHz）可能会出现卡住的现象。这可能是由于硬件设计或驱动程序的限制所导致的。在读取或发送数据时，如果有其他中断事件干扰，也可能导致硬件I2C卡住。我当时在使用的时候在驱动IIC的OLED屏幕时候，就发现了有时候屏幕会有花屏的现象。

解决办法：

需要我们在实际应用中，尽量使用较低的工作频率，以减少卡住的风险。

确保在数据传输过程中没有其他中断事件的干扰。

如果可能的话，使用软件模拟I2C通信，以获得更灵活的控制和更好的兼容性。

2：在调试硬件SPI的时候，：

SPI通信中的时钟极性（CPOL）和时钟相位（CPHA）是两个关键参数。它们定义了时钟信号在空闲状态下的电平和数据采样的时机。当时是利用硬件的SPI读取两个芯片，一个是存储芯片（AT45DB041），一个是AD芯片（CS5530），由于这个两个芯片的时序不一致，一个是在上升沿读取数据，另外一个是在下降沿读取数据，当时也是调试好久才发现，时序不一致，当初也是刚毕业不久，也没有太多的工作经验，还以为是芯片损坏，现在想起来还是真的小白了。后来工作时间久了才发现，影响SPI通讯不正常的原因有很多，需要注意硬件连接、通信协议与时序、数据传输等方面。

就是在调试这两款SPI从机的时候，当时为了减少硬件的引脚，从而将省出的引脚复用其他的功能，从而导致了自己在软件调试时候遇到了不小的麻烦。当时都使用逻辑分析仪一点点的查出来的。

就是这些大大小小的“坑”，铺满了整个嵌入式的道路。


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1

oxlm
高工
2025-08-01 10:37:34     打赏
2楼

硬件I2C那问题，其实降低速率并不能解决问题，只是降低发生概率罢了，最好的方法是提高中断优先级，把I2C中断设置成最高优先级就行


评论
lantu
专家
2025-08-01 10:45:28     打赏
3楼

这个坑活动，是不是可以当自己的日常笔记用


评论
xqh518
院士
2025-08-01 16:59:41     打赏
4楼

谢谢分享。


评论
jobs
院士
2025-08-01 18:53:39     打赏
5楼

IIC的使用还是非常实用的。

楼主对IIC的调试还是要加强哟


评论
codingtuzi
助工
2025-08-04 11:30:39     打赏
6楼

我开始就觉得SPI是可以并联的，I2C也是可以并联的。为什么还要设计2个，3个外设呢？！

工作的前几年也确实是仅把I2C并联使用了，也就是一个外设。

直到我发现，一个系统里面可能存在不同频率的外设，我才恍然大悟


评论
jobs
院士
2025-08-04 18:26:40     打赏
7楼

逻辑分析仪是一个超级好的工具。

可以少走好多，我们当年的弯路


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dtbvxlq383
菜鸟
2025-10-20 01:43:33     打赏
8楼

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