Color Sensor 是一块静态识别物体颜色,不同颜色输出不同频率,采用 TCS3200D,所有 I0 口均弓出。TCS3200D是 TA0S (Texas Advanced Optoelectronic Solutions)公司推出的可编程彩色光到频率的转换器。它把可配置的硅光电二极管与电流频率转换器集成在一个单一的 CM0S 电路上,同时在单一芯片上还集成了红绿蓝(RGB)三种滤光器,是业界第一个有数字兼容接口的 RGB 彩色传感器。TCS3200D 的输出信号是数字量,可以驱动标准的 TTL或 CMOS 逻辑输入,因此可直接与微处理器或其它逻辑电路相连接。由于输出的是数字量,并且能够实现每个彩色信道 10 位以上的转换精度,因而不再需要 A/D 转换电路,使电路变得更简单。
二:模块的原理图如下所示:

class TCS3200: def __init__(self, s0, s1, s2, s3, out_pin): self.s0 = s0 self.s1 = s1 self.s2 = s2 self.s3 = s3 self.out = out_pin self.s0.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT self.s1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT self.s2.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT self.s3.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT self.out.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT # 白平衡校准值 self.white_r = 1.0 self.white_g = 1.0 self.white_b = 1.0 # 颜色校正参数 self.color_threshold = 0.15
def set_frequency(self, freq_mode):
if freq_mode == 0: # 2%
self.s0.value = False
self.s1.value = False
elif freq_mode == 1: # 20%
self.s0.value = False
self.s1.value = True
elif freq_mode == 2: # 100%
self.s0.value = True
self.s1.value = False
else:
self.s0.value = True
self.s1.value = True
def set_color_channel(self, color):
if color == 'R':
self.s2.value = False
self.s3.value = False
elif color == 'G':
self.s2.value = True
self.s3.value = True
elif color == 'B':
self.s2.value = False
self.s3.value = True
def calibrate_white(self, out_pin):
# 测量白色表面的RGB频率
self.set_color_channel('R')
time.sleep(0.2)
self.white_r = measure_frequency(out_pin)
self.set_color_channel('G')
time.sleep(0.2)
self.white_g = measure_frequency(out_pin)
self.set_color_channel('B')
time.sleep(0.2)
self.white_b = measure_frequency(out_pin)
print(f"白平衡校准完成: R={self.white_r:.1f}, G={self.white_g:.1f}, B={self.white_b:.1f}")
def frequency_to_rgb(self, freq_r, freq_g, freq_b):
# 避免除以0
if self.white_r <= 0: self.white_r = 1
if self.white_g <= 0: self.white_g = 1
if self.white_b <= 0: self.white_b = 1
# 计算相对值并转换为0-255范围
r = min(255, int(255 * freq_r / self.white_r))
g = min(255, int(255 * freq_g / self.white_g))
b = min(255, int(255 * freq_b / self.white_b))
# 颜色校正
max_val = max(r, g, b)
if max_val > 0:
threshold = max_val * self.color_threshold
if g < threshold: g = 0
if b < threshold: b = 0
if r < threshold: r = 0
return (r, g, b)五:实物验证如下所示:
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