PS: 这帖子编辑器可真难用，还只有C++渲染
## 简介
1. 颜色传感器数据获取脚本2. 板载RGB全彩控制脚本3. 蜂鸣器八阶音符播放脚本
## 1. 颜色传感器数据获取
### 功能介绍
- 实现颜色传感器驱动，按键获取当前颜色数据并可以通过串口或屏幕进行打印；
### 代码实现
import board
import digitalio
import time
# 全局变量
NUM_CYCLES = 10 # 测试多少个周期
# 传感器引脚配置
s0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D12)
s1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D11)
s2 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D10)
s3 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D9)
out = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D6)
# 初始化板载按键D0/BOOT0，按下接地
button0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON)
button0.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP)
# 初始化颜色传感器LED补光灯
led1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D5)
led1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
led1.value = False
# 白平衡校准系数 (初始值为1，需要实际校准)
r_scal = 1.0
g_scal = 1.0
b_scal = 1.0
# 初始化传感器引脚
def init_sensor():
# 配置引脚方向
s0.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
s1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
s2.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
s3.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
out.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
# 设置频率缩放比为100% (最高精度)
set_frequency_scaling(100)
print("TCS3200传感器初始化完成")
# 设置传感器的频率缩放比例
def set_frequency_scaling(scaling):
"""
设置传感器的频率缩放比例
# s0 s1
# L L 关闭
# L H 2%
# H L 20%
# H H 100%
"""
if scaling == 2:
# 2%
s0.value = False
s1.value = True
elif scaling == 20:
# 20%
s0.value = True
s1.value = False
elif scaling == 100:
# 100%
s0.value = True
s1.value = True
else:
# 关闭
s0.value = False
s1.value = False
time.sleep(0.01) # 短暂延时稳定频率缩放比例
# 设置传感器的颜色滤波器
def set_color_filter(filter_type):
"""
设置传感器的颜色滤波器
# s2 s3
# L L Red
# H H Green
# L H Blue
# H L Clear(no filter)
"""
if filter_type == "Red":
s2.value = False
s3.value = False
elif filter_type == "Green":
s2.value = True
s3.value = True
elif filter_type == "Blue":
s2.value = False
s3.value = True
else:
# "Clear"
s2.value = True
s3.value = False
time.sleep(0.01) # 短暂延时稳定滤波器
# 测量频率，并转换单位为Hz
def measure_frequency():
timestamps = []
last_state = out.value
while len(timestamps) < NUM_CYCLES:
current_state = out.value
if current_state != last_state:
# 发生边缘变化
timestamps.append(time.monotonic_ns())
last_state = current_state
# 计数周期
periods = []
for i in range(2, len(timestamps), 2):
period_ns = timestamps[i] - timestamps[i-2] # 一个完整周期（两个边缘）
periods.append(period_ns)
avg_period_ns = sum(periods) / len(periods)
frequency = 1000000000 / avg_period_ns # 转换为 Hz
return frequency
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值
def read_rgb_freq():
# 读取红色分量 (S2=0, S3=0)
set_color_filter("Red")
red_freq = measure_frequency()
# 读取绿色分量 (S2=1, S3=1)
set_color_filter("Green")
green_freq = measure_frequency()
# 读取蓝色分量 (S2=0, S3=1)
set_color_filter("Blue")
blue_freq = measure_frequency()
return red_freq, green_freq, blue_freq
# 读取RGB颜色值
def read_rgb():
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值
red_freq, green_freq, blue_freq = read_rgb_freq()
# 应用白平衡校准 (18000/255 = 70)
r = int(red_freq / 70 * r_scal)
g = int(green_freq / 70 * g_scal)
b = int(blue_freq / 70 * b_scal)
# 限制在0-255范围
r = max(0, min(255, r))
g = max(0, min(255, g))
b = max(0, min(255, b))
return r, g, b
# 初始化传感器
init_sensor()
# 主循环
while True:
# 读取按键0
if not button0.value:
print("按键按下，获取颜色数据...")
led1.value = True # 打开补光灯
# 读取RGB颜色值
r, g, b = read_rgb()
print(f"颜色数据: R={r}, G={g}, B={b}")
print(f"十六进制: #{r:02X}{g:02X}{b:02X}")
led1.value = False # 关闭补光灯
time.sleep(0.5) # 防抖处理
time.sleep(0.05) # 主循环延时## 2. 板载RGB全彩控制
### 功能介绍
- 实现板载RGB的全彩控制，实时显示当前获取的颜色；
### 代码实现
import board
import digitalio
import time
import neopixel
# 全局变量
NUM_CYCLES = 10 # 测试多少个周期
# 传感器引脚配置
s0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D12)
s1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D11)
s2 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D10)
s3 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D9)
out = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D6)
# 初始化板载WS2812 RGB LED（使用neopixel库）
# Adafruit ESP32-S3 Reverse TFT Feather板载一颗WS2812 LED
pixel_pin = board.NEOPIXEL # 板载WS2812 LED的引脚
num_pixels = 1 # 只有一颗LED
# 使用neopixel库初始化LED
pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(pixel_pin, num_pixels, brightness=0.3, auto_write=False)
# 初始化颜色传感器LED补光灯
led1 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D5)
led1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
led1.value = False
# 白平衡校准系数 (初始值为1，需要实际校准)
r_scal = 1.0
g_scal = 1.0
b_scal = 1.0
# 初始化传感器引脚
def init_sensor():
# 配置引脚方向
s0.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
s1.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
s2.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
s3.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT
out.direction = digitalio.Direction.INPUT
# 设置频率缩放比为100% (最高精度)
set_frequency_scaling(100)
print("TCS3200传感器初始化完成")
# 设置传感器的频率缩放比例
def set_frequency_scaling(scaling):
if scaling == 2:
# 2%
s0.value = False
s1.value = True
elif scaling == 20:
# 20%
s0.value = True
s1.value = False
elif scaling == 100:
# 100%
s0.value = True
s1.value = True
else:
# 关闭
s0.value = False
s1.value = False
time.sleep(0.01) # 短暂延时稳定频率缩放比例
# 设置传感器的颜色滤波器
def set_color_filter(filter_type):
if filter_type == "Red":
s2.value = False
s3.value = False
elif filter_type == "Green":
s2.value = True
s3.value = True
elif filter_type == "Blue":
s2.value = False
s3.value = True
else:
# "Clear"
s2.value = True
s3.value = False
time.sleep(0.01) # 短暂延时稳定滤波器
# 测量频率，并转换单位为Hz
def measure_frequency():
timestamps = []
last_state = out.value
while len(timestamps) < NUM_CYCLES:
current_state = out.value
if current_state != last_state:
# 发生边缘变化
timestamps.append(time.monotonic_ns())
last_state = current_state
# 计数周期
periods = []
for i in range(2, len(timestamps), 2):
period_ns = timestamps[i] - timestamps[i-2] # 一个完整周期（两个边缘）
periods.append(period_ns)
avg_period_ns = sum(periods) / len(periods)
frequency = 1000000000 / avg_period_ns # 转换为 Hz
return frequency
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值
def read_rgb_freq():
# 读取红色分量 (S2=0, S3=0)
set_color_filter("Red")
red_freq = measure_frequency()
# 读取绿色分量 (S2=1, S3=1)
set_color_filter("Green")
green_freq = measure_frequency()
# 读取蓝色分量 (S2=0, S3=1)
set_color_filter("Blue")
blue_freq = measure_frequency()
return red_freq, green_freq, blue_freq
# 读取RGB颜色值
def read_rgb():
# 读取RGB三个通道的频率值
red_freq, green_freq, blue_freq = read_rgb_freq()
# 应用白平衡校准 (18000/255 = 70)
r = int(red_freq / 70 * r_scal)
g = int(green_freq / 70 * g_scal)
b = int(blue_freq / 70 * b_scal)
# 限制在0-255范围
r = max(0, min(255, r))
g = max(0, min(255, g))
b = max(0, min(255, b))
return r, g, b
# 设置WS2812 RGB LED颜色
def set_rgb_color(r, g, b):
# WS2812直接使用RGB值(0-255)
pixels[0] = (r, g, b)
pixels.show() # 更新LED显示
# 初始化传感器
init_sensor()
# 主循环
while True:
led1.value = True # 打开补光灯
# 读取RGB颜色值
r, g, b = read_rgb()
print(f"实时颜色数据: R={r}, G={g}, B={b}")
# 设置RGB LED颜色
set_rgb_color(r, g, b)
led1.value = False # 关闭补光灯
time.sleep(0.5) # 延时## 3. 蜂鸣器八阶音符播放### 功能介绍
- 实现蜂鸣器驱动，并播放八阶音符；
### 代码实现
import board
import pwmio
import time
import digitalio
# 初始化PWMOut，接蜂鸣器控制脚（D4）
pwm0 = pwmio.PWMOut(board.D4,
duty_cycle=0,
frequency=1000,
variable_frequency=True
)
# 初始化板载按键D0/BOOT0，按下接地
button0 = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON)
button0.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP)
# 8音阶频率(C4, D4, E4, F4, G4, A4, B4, C5)
note_names = [
'C4',
'D4',
'E4',
'F4',
'G4',
'A4',
'B4',
'C5'
]
frequencies = [
261,
293,
329,
349,
392,
440,
493,
523
]
# 音符播放控制函数
def play_note(note_index):
if 0 <= note_index < len(note_names):
name = note_names[note_index]
freq = frequencies[note_index]
print(f"播放音符: {name} at {freq} Hz")
pwm0.frequency = int(freq)
pwm0.duty_cycle = 2 ** 15 # 50%占空比
else:
print(f"无效的音符索引: {note_index}")
# 停止播放音符
def stop_playing():
pwm0.duty_cycle = 0
print("停止播放")
# 播放所有八阶音符
def play_all_notes():
for i in range(len(note_names)):
play_note(i)
time.sleep(0.5) # 每个音符播放0.5秒
stop_playing()
time.sleep(0.1) # 音符间间隔0.1秒
print("蜂鸣器驱动初始化完成")
print("按下按键开始播放八阶音符")
# 主循环
while True:
# 读取按键0
if not button0.value:
print("\n开始播放八阶音符...")
play_all_notes()
print("八阶音符播放完成")
time.sleep(0.5) # 防抖处理
time.sleep(0.05) # 主循环延时## 总结
三个脚本均已实现所需功能，基础任务全部完成，结构清晰，易于理解和修改。每个脚本都包含了必要的注释，方便抄作业~。
基础任务：
1、实现颜色传感器驱动，按键获取当前颜色数据并可以通过串口或屏幕进行打印；2、实现板载RGB的全彩控制，实时显示当前获取的颜色；3、实现蜂鸣器驱动，并播放八阶音符；
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STM32
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