3-5: 解（1）：条件赋值语句 3到8译码器设计(条件赋值语句实现) LIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; --为使用类型转换函数，打开此程序包。 ENTITY decoder3to8 IS port( DIN: IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0); DOUT: OUT BIT_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0)); END decoder3to8; ARCHITECTURE behave OF decoder3to8 IS BEGIN WITH CONV_INTEGER(DIN) SELECT DOUT<="00000001" WHEN 0, "00000010" WHEN 1, "00000100" WHEN 2, "00001000" WHEN 3, "00010000" WHEN 4, "00100000" WHEN 5, "01000000" WHEN 6, "10000000" WHEN 7, UNAFFECTED WHEN OTHERS; END behave; 解（2）：case语句 3到8译码器设计(case语句实现) LIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; --为使用类型转换函数，打开此程序包。 ENTITY decoder3to8 IS port( DIN: IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0); DOUT: OUT BIT_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0)); END decoder3to8; ARCHITECTURE behave OF decoder3to8 IS BEGIN PROCESS (DIN) BEGIN CASE CONV_INTEGER(DIN) IS WHEN 0 => DOUT<="00000001"; WHEN 1 => DOUT<="00000010"; WHEN 2 => DOUT<="00000100"; WHEN 3 => DOUT<="00001000"; WHEN 4 => DOUT<="00010000"; WHEN 5 => DOUT<="00100000"; WHEN 6 => DOUT<="01000000"; WHEN 7 => DOUT<="10000000"; WHEN OTHERS => NULL; END CASE; END PROCESS; END behave; 解（3）：if_else语句 3到8译码器设计(if_else语句实现) LIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; --为使用类型转换函数，打开此程序包。 ENTITY decoder3to8 IS port( DIN: IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0); DOUT: OUT BIT_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0)); END decoder3to8; ARCHITECTURE behave OF decoder3to8 IS BEGIN PROCESS (DIN) BEGIN IF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=0 THEN DOUT<="00000001"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=1 THEN DOUT<="00000010"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=2 THEN DOUT<="00000100"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=3 THEN DOUT<="00001000"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=4 THEN DOUT<="00010000"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=5 THEN DOUT<="00100000"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=6 THEN DOUT<="01000000"; ELSIF CONV_INTEGER(DIN)=7 THEN DOUT<="10000000"; END IF; END PROCESS; END behave; 解（4）：移位操作符 3到8译码器设计(移位操作实现) LIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; --为使用类型转换函数，打开此程序包。 ENTITY decoder3to8 IS port( DIN: IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0); DOUT: OUT BIT_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0)); END decoder3to8; ARCHITECTURE behave OF decoder3to8 IS BEGIN DOUT<="00000001" SLL CONV_INTEGER(DIN); --被移位部分是常数 END behave; 3-14 --解：用循环语句设计一个7人投票表决器，及一个4位4输出最大数值检测电路。 LIBRARY IEEE; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; ENTITY vote_7 IS PORT( DIN: IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 DOWNTO 0);--7位表决输入(1:同意，0:不同意) G_4: OUT STD_LOGIC; --超过半数指示 CNTH: OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0));--表决结果统计数 END vote_7; ARCHITECTURE BHV OF vote_7 IS BEGIN PROCESS(DIN) VARIABLE Q: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(2 DOWNTO 0); BEGIN Q:="000"; FOR n IN 0 TO 6 LOOP -- n是LOOP的循环变量 IF(DIN(n)='1') THEN Q:=Q+1; END IF; END LOOP; CNTH<=Q; IF Q>=4 THEN G_4<='1'; ELSE G_4<='0'; END IF; END PROCESS; END BHV;