1 简介
简单工厂方法定义一个用于创建对象的类,该类接受一个参数,通过参数决定创建不同的对象。GOF并没有把简单工厂方法定义为23种设计模式之一,可以认为简单工厂方法是工厂方法的简化形式。 为了体现简单工厂方法和工厂方法的区别和联系,此处把简单工厂方法先单独讲一下。
2 模拟场景假设你要生产电脑,电脑由硬盘、内存条、CPU、主板的部件组成。你为了保证供应链可靠,每种部件都选择了至少两家供应商。比如:硬盘供应商 seagate、Toshiba内存条供应商 SAMSUNG、CrucialCPU供应商 intel、AMD主板供应商 intel、AMD 此处列出多个部件是为了后面讲解工厂方法、抽象工厂方法时使用同一个模拟场景。本章讲简单工厂方法暂时不需要涉及这么多部件,所以仅以硬盘这一个部件为例进行讲解。
3 实现的思路硬盘就是要创建的对象(即:产品)。为了让不同供应商提供的硬盘可以通用,要定义一个硬盘产品类,并让不同供应商的硬盘都继承硬盘产品类的接口。 还需要定义一个创建硬盘对象的类(即:工厂)。工厂类根据参数决定创建哪家供应商的硬盘对象。
4 实现硬盘对象创建参与者:(1)Product: HardDisk 定义硬盘对象的接口(2)Concrete Product: SeagateHardDisk, ToshibaHardDisk 实现不同供应商的硬盘(3)SimpleFactory: HardDiskFactory 根据参数,创建不同供应商的硬盘对象 UML:
HardDisk代码示例: hard_disk.h:#ifndef HARD_DISK_H#define HARD_DISK_H struct HardDisk { void (*Operation)(struct HardDisk *this);}; #endif
SeagateHardDisk代码示例: seagate_hard_disk.h:
#ifndef SEAGATE_HARD_DISK_H#define SEAGATE_HARD_DISK_H #include "hard_disk.h" struct SeagateHardDisk { struct HardDisk hardDisk;}; // 构造函数void SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this); // 析构函数void _SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this); #endif
seagate_hard_disk.c:
#include "seagate_hard_disk.h"#include "stdio.h" void SeagateOperation(struct SeagateHardDisk *this){ printf("这是 Seagate 硬盘\n");} void SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this){ this->hardDisk.Operation = (void(*)(struct HardDisk *))SeagateOperation;} void _SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this){ this->hardDisk.Operation = NULL;}
ToshibaHardDisk代码示例: toshiba_hard_disk.h:
#ifndef TOSHIBA_HARD_DISK_H#define TOSHIBA_HARD_DISK_H #include "hard_disk.h" struct ToshibaHardDisk { struct HardDisk hardDisk;}; // 构造函数void ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this); // 析构函数void _ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this); #endif
toshiba_hard_disk.c:
#include "toshiba_hard_disk.h"#include "stdio.h" void ToshibaOperation(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this){ printf("这是 Toshiba 硬盘\n");} void ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this){ this->hardDisk.Operation = (void(*)(struct HardDisk *))ToshibaOperation;} void _ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this){ this->hardDisk.Operation = NULL;}
HardDiskFactory代码示例: hard_disk_factory.h:
#ifndef HARD_DISK_FACTORY_H#define HARD_DISK_FACTORY_H #include "hard_disk.h" enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E { HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA}; struct HardDiskFactory { struct HardDisk* (*Create)(struct HardDiskFactory *this, enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E supplier); void (*Destroy)(struct HardDiskFactory *this, struct HardDisk* hardDisk);}; // 构造函数void HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this); // 析构函数void _HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this); #endif
hard_disk_factory.c:
#include "hard_disk_factory.h" #include "seagate_hard_disk.h" #include "toshiba_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" struct HardDisk *Create(struct HardDiskFactory *this, enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E supplier) { switch (supplier) { case HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE: { struct SeagateHardDisk *seagateHardDisk = NULL; if ((seagateHardDisk = malloc(sizeof(struct SeagateHardDisk))) == NULL) { printf("fail in malloc\n"); return NULL; } SeagateHardDisk(seagateHardDisk); return (struct HardDisk *)seagateHardDisk; } case HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA: { struct ToshibaHardDisk *toshibaHardDisk = NULL; if ((toshibaHardDisk = malloc(sizeof(struct ToshibaHardDisk))) == NULL) { printf("fail in malloc\n"); return NULL; } ToshibaHardDisk(toshibaHardDisk); return (struct HardDisk *)toshibaHardDisk; } default: printf("未知的供应商\n"); return NULL; }} void Destroy(struct HardDiskFactory *this, struct HardDisk* hardDisk){ if (hardDisk != NULL) { free(hardDisk); }} // 构造函数void HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this){ this->Create = Create; this->Destroy = Destroy;} // 析构函数void _HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this){ this->Create = NULL; this->Destroy = NULL;}
客户端代码示例:
#include "hard_disk.h"#include "hard_disk_factory.h"#include "stddef.h" void main(){ struct HardDisk *hardDisk = NULL; struct HardDiskFactory hardDiskFactory; HardDiskFactory(&hardDiskFactory); // 创建 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDisk = hardDiskFactory.Create(&hardDiskFactory, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE); // 使用 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDisk->Operation(hardDisk); // 销毁 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDiskFactory.Destroy(&hardDiskFactory, hardDisk); // 创建 toshiba 硬盘对象 hardDisk = hardDiskFactory.Create(&hardDiskFactory, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA); // 使用 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDisk->Operation(hardDisk); // 销毁 toshiba 硬盘对象 hardDiskFactory.Destroy(&hardDiskFactory, hardDisk); HardDiskFactory(&hardDiskFactory);}
客户端显示示例:
./hard_disk这是 Seagate 硬盘这是 Toshiba 硬盘