为什么引入杂项设备
在linux虚拟机上在内核源码文件下,ls drivers/char可以看到misc.c和misc.o,可见它被编译进内核,使用vim drivers/char/Makefile打开杂项设备文件的编译文件。
obj-y +=misc.o,该文件被强制编译进内核
杂项设备设备部分完全制作好了,只需要添加子设备,非常方便。
这样杂项设备的引入即解决了设备号数量少的问题,又降低了使用难度,还能防止碎片化,一举多得。
杂项设备注册函数以及结构体
杂项设备的头文件在“include/linux/miscdevice.h”
struct miscdevice { int minor;//设备号,赋值为MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,这个宏定义可以查到为10 const char *name;//设备名称 const struct file_operations *fops;//file_operations 结构体 struct list_head list; struct device *parent; struct device *this_device; const char *nodename; mode_t mode; }; extern int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc); extern int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc);
Cextern int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc);杂项设备注册函数;一般在probe 中调用,参数是miscdevice
Cextern int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc);杂项设备卸载函数;一般是在hello_remove 中用于卸载驱动。
file_operations结构体
file_operations结构体在内核源码“include/linux/fs.h”中,使用命令vim /include/linux/fs.h打开
struct file_operations { struct module *owner; loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int); ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *); ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *); ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t); ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t); int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t); unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *); /* remove by cym 20130408 support for MT660.ko */ #if 0 //#ifdef CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM #if 1// liang, Pixtree also need to use ioctl interface... int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); #endif #endif /* end remove */ long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *); int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *); int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id); int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *); int (*fsync) (struct file *, int datasync); int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync); int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int); int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *); ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int); unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long); int (*check_flags)(int); int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *); ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int); ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int); int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **); long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,loff_t len); /* add by cym 20130408 support for MT6260 and Pixtree */ #if defined(CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM) || defined(CONFIG_USE_GPIO_AS_I2C) int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long); #endif /* end add */ };该结构体中参数非常之多,介绍常用的的参数
struct module *owner;一般是THIS_MODULE。 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);//对应上层的open 函数,打开文件。 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);//对应上层的close 函数,打开文件操作之后一般需要关闭。 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);//读函数,上层应用从底层读取函数。 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);//写函数,上层应用向底层传输数据。 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);//这个函数功能和写函数稍微有点重合,但是这个函数占用的内存非常小,主要针对IO 口的控制。定义一个DEVICE_NAME,将其赋值为”hello_ctl123”,理解这个设备节点名称和前面介绍的注册设备名称是不同的。 示例代码
linux_misc.c #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/module.h> /*驱动注册的头文件,包含驱动的结构体和注册和卸载的函数*/ #include <linux/platform_device.h> /*注册杂项设备头文件*/ #include <linux/miscdevice.h> /*注册设备节点的文件结构体*/ #include <linux/fs.h> #define DRIVER_NAME "hello_ctl" #define DEVICE_NAME "hello_ctl123" MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("chenmiaohong"); static long hello_ioctl( struct file *files, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){ printk("cmd is %d,arg is %d\n",cmd,arg); return 0; } static int hello_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){ printk(KERN_EMERG "hello release\n"); return 0; } static int hello_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){ printk(KERN_EMERG "hello open\n"); return 0; } static struct file_operations hello_ops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = hello_open, .release = hello_release, .unlocked_ioctl = hello_ioctl, }; static struct miscdevice hello_dev = { .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR, .name = DEVICE_NAME, .fops = &hello_ops, }; static int hello_probe(struct platform_device *pdv){ printk(KERN_EMERG "\tinitialized\n"); misc_register(&hello_dev); return 0; } static int hello_remove(struct platform_device *pdv){ printk(KERN_EMERG "\tremove\n"); misc_deregister(&hello_dev); return 0; } static void hello_shutdown(struct platform_device *pdv){ ; } static int hello_suspend(struct platform_device *pdv,pm_message_t pmt){ return 0; } static int hello_resume(struct platform_device *pdv){ return 0; } struct platform_driver hello_driver = { .probe = hello_probe, .remove = hello_remove, .shutdown = hello_shutdown, .suspend = hello_suspend, .resume = hello_resume, .driver = { .name = DRIVER_NAME, .owner = THIS_MODULE, } }; static int hello_init(void) { int DriverState; printk(KERN_EMERG "HELLO WORLD enter!\n"); DriverState = platform_driver_register(&hello_driver); printk(KERN_EMERG "\tDriverState is %d\n",DriverState); return 0; } static void hello_exit(void) { printk(KERN_EMERG "HELLO WORLD exit!\n"); platform_driver_unregister(&hello_driver); } module_init(hello_init); module_exit(hello_exit);编译完成后通过TFTP服务器下载到exynos4412开发板中,使用insmod加载linux_misc.ko文件,然后使用ls /dev查看出现了新的设备hello_ctl123。转自博客陈庙红