为什么引入杂项设备
在linux虚拟机上在内核源码文件下,ls drivers/char可以看到misc.c和misc.o,可见它被编译进内核,使用vim drivers/char/Makefile打开杂项设备文件的编译文件。
obj-y +=misc.o,该文件被强制编译进内核
杂项设备设备部分完全制作好了,只需要添加子设备,非常方便。
这样杂项设备的引入即解决了设备号数量少的问题,又降低了使用难度,还能防止碎片化,一举多得。
杂项设备注册函数以及结构体
杂项设备的头文件在“include/linux/miscdevice.h”
struct miscdevice {
int minor;//设备号,赋值为MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,这个宏定义可以查到为10
const char *name;//设备名称
const struct file_operations *fops;//file_operations 结构体
struct list_head list;
struct device *parent;
struct device *this_device;
const char *nodename;
mode_t mode;
};
extern int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc);
extern int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc);Cextern int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc);杂项设备注册函数;一般在probe 中调用,参数是miscdevice
Cextern int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc);杂项设备卸载函数;一般是在hello_remove 中用于卸载驱动。
file_operations结构体
file_operations结构体在内核源码“include/linux/fs.h”中,使用命令vim /include/linux/fs.h打开
struct file_operations {
struct module *owner;
loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
/* remove by cym 20130408 support for MT660.ko */
#if 0
//#ifdef CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM
#if 1// liang, Pixtree also need to use ioctl interface...
int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
#endif
#endif
/* end remove */
long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*fsync) (struct file *, int datasync);
int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
int (*check_flags)(int);
int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);
long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,loff_t len);
/* add by cym 20130408 support for MT6260 and Pixtree */
#if defined(CONFIG_SMM6260_MODEM) || defined(CONFIG_USE_GPIO_AS_I2C)
int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
#endif
/* end add */
};该结构体中参数非常之多,介绍常用的的参数struct module *owner;一般是THIS_MODULE。 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);//对应上层的open 函数,打开文件。 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);//对应上层的close 函数,打开文件操作之后一般需要关闭。 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);//读函数,上层应用从底层读取函数。 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);//写函数,上层应用向底层传输数据。 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);//这个函数功能和写函数稍微有点重合,但是这个函数占用的内存非常小,主要针对IO 口的控制。定义一个DEVICE_NAME,将其赋值为”hello_ctl123”,理解这个设备节点名称和前面介绍的注册设备名称是不同的。 示例代码
linux_misc.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
/*驱动注册的头文件,包含驱动的结构体和注册和卸载的函数*/
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
/*注册杂项设备头文件*/
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
/*注册设备节点的文件结构体*/
#include <linux/fs.h>
#define DRIVER_NAME "hello_ctl"
#define DEVICE_NAME "hello_ctl123"
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("chenmiaohong");
static long hello_ioctl( struct file *files, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg){
printk("cmd is %d,arg is %d\n",cmd,arg);
return 0;
}
static int hello_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk(KERN_EMERG "hello release\n");
return 0;
}
static int hello_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
printk(KERN_EMERG "hello open\n");
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations hello_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = hello_open,
.release = hello_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = hello_ioctl,
};
static struct miscdevice hello_dev = {
.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name = DEVICE_NAME,
.fops = &hello_ops,
};
static int hello_probe(struct platform_device *pdv){
printk(KERN_EMERG "\tinitialized\n");
misc_register(&hello_dev);
return 0;
}
static int hello_remove(struct platform_device *pdv){
printk(KERN_EMERG "\tremove\n");
misc_deregister(&hello_dev);
return 0;
}
static void hello_shutdown(struct platform_device *pdv){
;
}
static int hello_suspend(struct platform_device *pdv,pm_message_t pmt){
return 0;
}
static int hello_resume(struct platform_device *pdv){
return 0;
}
struct platform_driver hello_driver = {
.probe = hello_probe,
.remove = hello_remove,
.shutdown = hello_shutdown,
.suspend = hello_suspend,
.resume = hello_resume,
.driver = {
.name = DRIVER_NAME,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
}
};
static int hello_init(void)
{
int DriverState;
printk(KERN_EMERG "HELLO WORLD enter!\n");
DriverState = platform_driver_register(&hello_driver);
printk(KERN_EMERG "\tDriverState is %d\n",DriverState);
return 0;
}
static void hello_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_EMERG "HELLO WORLD exit!\n");
platform_driver_unregister(&hello_driver);
}
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);编译完成后通过TFTP服务器下载到exynos4412开发板中,使用insmod加载linux_misc.ko文件,然后使用ls /dev查看出现了新的设备hello_ctl123。转自博客陈庙红
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